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If insulin is not produced sufficiently, glucose is unable to enter insulin-dependent cells and these cells can starve. This is known as type 1 diabetes mellitus. If insulin is produced sufficiently, but receptors are damaged or are insulin resistant, they can not signal to allow glucose transport, and again cells become starved for energy. This is known as type 2 diabetes. [5]What is Gestational Diabetes?Gestational diabetes is dysfunction in blood glucose
regulation specifically in pregnant women. Women who have gestational diabetes do not have to have a history of diabetes; however, it does put them at higher risk for developing diabetes later in life. [6]It is not well known why some women develop gestational diabetes, however, various hormones do play a role including insulin. Risk factors include being overweight or obese,
limited physical activity, PCOS, familial history of diabetes, previously
having gestational diabetes, or previously giving birth to a child over 9 lbs. [7]gestational diabetesWhat are the Symptoms?There are very few signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes; however, they tend to mimic traditional diabetes mellitus. This includes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased urination (polyuria). [7]Most women do not know that they have gestational diabetes until diagnosed
after an oral glucose tolerance test.
There are many different types of diabetes including type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and gestational diabetes. Diabetes as a whole describes abnormal blood glucose regulation and hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels)gestational diabetesHow Are Blood Glucose Levels Regulated?Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that all carbohydrates are eventually broken down into. For example, lactose in the milk you drink is a disaccharide made of glucose and galactose (monosaccharide). Lactose is broken down into these two sugars and then galactose is further broken down into glucose (or glycogen). [1] Once carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, they are in the blood (extracellular–outside of the cells); however, cells need that glucose in order to carry out certain processes so it has to be brought inside (intracellular). Through the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. ATP is the currency system of the cell (like dollar bills). It fuels the work that cells need to do. While glucose is a simple sugar, it is still a relatively large molecule, therefore it needs certain transporters in order to allow it to enter a cell. These are known as GLUTs (glucose transporters). [2] Contrary to popular belief, not all cells require insulin in order to transport glucose inside of a cell.