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In order for glucose to be transported into these cells, insulin must bind to insulin receptors and signal for this process to occur. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels. Once it is released, it binds to insulin receptors and triggers a response to allow glucose to be transported into the cell. [4]GLUT 1 Insulin independentBloodBlood-brain-barrierHeart (partially) GLUT 2Insulin-independentLiverPancreasSmall IntestineGLUT 3Insulin-independentBrain NeuronsSpermGLUT 4Insulin-dependentSkeletal MuscleAdipose tissue (fat)HeartDysfunctions in Glucose RegulationGlucose regulation can become dysfunctional at many different steps. If insulin is not produced sufficiently, glucose is unable to enter insulin-dependent cells and these cells can starve. This is known as type 1 diabetes mellitus. If insulin is produced sufficiently, but receptors are damaged or are insulin resistant, they can not signal to allow glucose transport, and again cells become starved for energy. This is known as type 2 diabetes. [5]What is Gestational Diabetes?Gestational diabetes is dysfunction in blood glucose regulation specifically in pregnant women. Women who have gestational diabetes do not have to have a history of diabetes; however, it does put them at higher risk for developing diabetes later in life. [6]It is not well known why some women develop gestational diabetes, however, various hormones do play a role including insulin.
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35 kg). [2] Additionally, a paper published in Nature found that subjects assigned to a “low calorie” (500 – 1000 calorie deficit) still didn’t lose as much weight as subjects on a ketogenic diet. After four months of eating a keto diet, 85% of subjects lost >10% of their body weight while only 17% in the low-calorie group accomplished the same. [3] Not to mention, their HA1C levels dropped by nearly a point in the ketogenic diet group which was significantly better than the low-calorie group, only in the same time period. These findings aren’t too surprising as the Standard American Diet (SAD) includes hundreds of high-glycemic, processed carbohydrates per day. When carbohydrates and sugar are drastically reduced, weight loss happens quickly. Also, when one consumes fatty foods such as avocados, the healthy fats and fiber help regulate blood sugar levels, leading to less cravings and naturally less calories consumed. Long-term Weight Loss: 2. 2/5 StarsOne of the biggest criticisms of the keto diet is people claiming, “it’s unsustainable. ” In research, long-term is considered greater than one to two years. Experts stated there was lacking evidence that indicates sustained weight loss for long periods of time.
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The review concluded that ketogenic diet is ‘superior’ in terms of glycemic control—the results were significant enough to recommend the keto diet as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. [15]Another recent study concludes that in addition to reduction in body weight and improving lipid profile, there was a significant improvement in HbA1c and reduction in the intake of insulin and
oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes. [16] Not only does this research show how the keto diet can lead to weight
loss and improved metabolic health, it’s also monetarily cost effective as it reduces the need for insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. Lastly, our friends at Virta Health are doing incredible work reversing type 2 diabetes with their low carb protocols. One of their studies shows that this dietary monitoring protocol lowered glycemic control medication from 55. 7 to 26. 8% including insulin (-62%) and sulfonylureas (-100%). There was also resolution of diabetes (reversal, 53. 5%; remission, 17. 6%) in the intervention group but not in usual care group. [17]Overall Ranking: 2/5 StarsThe experts placed the keto diet in the bottom half in all but the short-term weight loss category primarily because of the diet’s emphasis on fat-rich foods.
